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To create a world without kidney diseases, the ASN Alliance for Kidney Health elevates care by educating and informing, driving breakthroughs and innovation, and advocating for policies that create transformative changes in kidney medicine throughout the world.

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Board Review Course & Update

BRCU Online 2026: Test Your Knowledge

A 46-year-old man with a history of ESKD secondary to HIV-associated nephropathy comes to an outpatient transplantation clinic for a routine follow-up examination. The patient underwent deceased-donor kidney transplantation 7 months ago and received induction therapy with antithymoglobulin. His nadir post-transplantation serum creatinine concentration was 1.1 mg/dL and his HIV viral load last month was undetectable. The patient is EBV seropositive and CMV seronegative; he completed valganciclovir prophylactic therapy 1 month ago. He has not had rashes, chest pain, extremity swelling, or exposure to sick contacts. Current medications include tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, prednisone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nifedipine, famotidine, ritonavir, dolutegravir, and abacavir. On physical examination, oral thrush is observed.

In addition to initiation of oral fluconazole, which of the following is the next best step?

  1. Initiate ganciclovir.
  2. Discontinue ritonavir.
  3. Decrease tacrolimus dose.
  4. Change famotidine to pantoprazole.
  5. Increase prednisone dose.

Show Answer

Reference:

Farouk, S. and J.L. Rein. "The Many Faces of Calcineurin Inhibitor Toxicity – What the FK?" Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease and Health 27, no. 1 (2020): 56–66. doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2019.08.006

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