Kidney Week

Abstract: SA-PO0894

Dietary Patterns and Risk of CKD Progression and All-Cause Mortality in a West African CKD Cohort: The Diet, CKD, and Apolipoprotein L1 (DCA) Study

Session Information

• Health Maintenance, Nutrition, and Metabolism
  October 24, 2026 | Location: Exhibit Hall A, Convention Center
  Abstract Time: 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM

Category: Health Maintenance, Nutrition, and Metabolism

• 1500 Health Maintenance, Nutrition, and Metabolism

Authors

• Adunah, Elizabeth A., Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Elizabeth A. Adunah

• Zhao, Runqi, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Runqi Zhao, MS

• Raji, Yemi R., University of Ibadan College of Medicine, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria

Yemi R. Raji, MBChB

• Mamven, Manmak, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

Manmak Mamven, MBBS

• Omotoso, Bolanle Aderonke, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Osun, Nigeria

Bolanle Aderonke Omotoso, MD, MS

• Oluwadare, Tolulope Olukemi, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Osun, Nigeria

Tolulope Olukemi Oluwadare, RDN

• Solarin, Adaobi, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria

Adaobi Solarin, MBBS

• Ripiye, Nanna R., University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

Nanna R. Ripiye, MBBS

• Umeizudike, Theophilus I., Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria

Theophilus I. Umeizudike, MBBS, MSc

• Ulasi, Ifeoma I., University of Nigeria Faculty of Medical Sciences, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria

Ifeoma I. Ulasi, MBBS, MS, MSc

• Salako, Babatunde Lawal, University of Ibadan College of Medicine, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria

Babatunde Lawal Salako, MBBS

• Adu, Dwomoa, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Greater Accra Region, Ghana

Dwomoa Adu, MD

• Gbadegesin, Rasheed A., Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States

Rasheed A. Gbadegesin, MD, MBBS, FASN

• Parekh, Rulan S., Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Rulan S. Parekh, MD, MS, FASN

• Waikar, Sushrut S., Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Sushrut S. Waikar, MD, MPH

• Olokode, Bola Fatima, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria

Bola Fatima Olokode, MSc, RDN

• Dupuis, Josée, McGill University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Josée Dupuis, MSc, PhD

• Arogundade, Fatiu Abiola, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Osun, Nigeria

Fatiu Abiola Arogundade, MD

• Amira, Christiana Oluwatoyin, University of Lagos College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria

Christiana Oluwatoyin Amira, MD

• Ojo, Akinlolu, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, United States

Akinlolu Ojo, MD, PhD, MBA, MPH, FASN

• Ilori, Titilayo O., Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Titilayo O. Ilori, MD, MS, MSc, FASN

• Anderson, Cheryl A., University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States

Cheryl A. Anderson, PhD, MPH

• Kwakyi, Edward Papa Kwabena, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Greater Accra Region, Ghana

Edward Papa Kwabena Kwakyi, MD, FASN

Background

Diet is a potential modifier for chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevention and progression. Comprehensive dietary assessments from African cohorts, particularly West African populations, are sparse.

Methods

In the Diet, CKD, and Apolipoprotein L1 (DCA) study, participants were enrolled from seven West African centers. Up to three 24-hour dietary recalls were grouped into 23 categories using the West African Food Composition Table. Dietary patterns were identified using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Reduced Rank Regression (RRR). RRR modeled food intake against baseline SBP, DBP, urine protein, and eGFR, while PCA modeled six components (eigenvalues >1; variance explained >5%). Only factor loadings > ±0.2 were included. Adjusted Cox models assessed Hazards Ratios of dietary pattern consumption quartiles and CKD progression (>40% eGFR decline, dialysis, or transplant), and a composite outcome of CKD progression or all-cause mortality.

Results

Among 582 eligible participants, there were 137 CKD progression events and 168 composite events over a median 3-year follow-up. Higher consumption of the Soups and Sauces dietary pattern was associated with lower risk of CKD progression (Q3 vs Q1: 0.50 [0.38–0.66]; Q4 vs Q1: 0.41 [0.22–0.78]; p-trend=0.0014). However, greater adherence to the Bread and Palm Oil (Q3 vs Q1: 1.61 [1.10–2.34]; Q4 vs Q1: 1.51 [1.11–2.06]; p-trend=0.0023) and Meat and Seafood dietary patterns (Q3 vs Q1: 1.27 [1.02–1.58]; Q4: 1.70 [1.15–2.52]; p-trend=0.0054) was associated with a higher risk of the composite outcome.

Conclusion

In the DCA cohort, the Soups and Sauces pattern was associated with lower CKD progression risk; Bread/Palm Oil and Meat/Seafood (refined carbohydrates and animal proteins) patterns were associated with higher risk of the composite outcome. RRR-identified patterns have the added advantage of being linked to CKD-specific risk markers, complementing PCA. Findings likely reflect complex dietary interactions rather than one food group. Future research should explore these patterns as modifiable CKD risk factors in West Africa.

Funding

• NIDDK Support