Abstract: SA-PO0305
Differences in Incidence of AKI in Pediatric Hospitalizations by Sex
Session Information
- AKI: Epidemiology and Risk Factors
October 24, 2026 | Location: Exhibit Hall A, Convention Center
Abstract Time: 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Category: Acute Kidney Injury
- 101 AKI: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention
Authors
- Mccormick, Bridgette, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Sun, Shan, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Soranno, Danielle Elise, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Menon, Shina, Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Palo Alto, California, United States
- Kesarwani, Anisha, Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Palo Alto, California, United States
- Kula, Alexander J., Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
Background
Epidemiologic studies show rates of AKI are usually lower in females. The discrepancy is thought to result from differences in hormonal milieu. The presence of sex-differences in AKI in youth is far less studied. We thus aimed to define rates of AKI associated with pediatric hospitalizations across sex and age.
Methods
A review of retrospective data from the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) was completed across all available years. Demographic data was evaluated by sex and incidence of AKI was compared between sexes in each year. Interaction testing by age groups ≤1, 1-12, 13-17, and ≥18 years was completed as well as logistic regression for variables of interest.
Results
17,566,585 male and 19,879,695 female encounters were analyzed between the study years. Incidence of AKI increased over time for both sexes and was higher overall in males in each year. On logistic regression, females had overall lower odds of AKI with an OR of 0.90 (0.88-0.92; p=0.00). Older age was associated with higher incidence of AKI, highest in those ≥18 with an OR of 11.37 (11.2-11.55, p=0.00). On interaction testing by age group, OR further decreased for females compared to males in older age categories, with an OR of 0.66 (0.64-0.67, p=0.00) for females ages 13-17 and OR of 0.30 (0.29-0.30, p=0.00) for females ≥18 years of age. Females ages 1-12, however, had an OR of 1.16 (1.13-1.19, p=0.00) compared to males.
Conclusion
Male sex is associated with higher odds of developing AKI in pediatric hospitalizations. There is a strong interaction effect across age strata, suggesting sex hormones as a central driver of differences.
Logistic regression model with interaction testing for age
| OR (95% CI) | 0.00 | |
| Age 1-12 (Ref ≤1) | 2.32 (2.28-2.36) | 0.00 |
| Age 13-17 | 5.27 (5.19-5.36) | 0.00 |
| Age ≥18 | 11.37 (11.20-11.55) | 0.00 |
| Female | 0.90 (0.88-0.92) | 0.00 |
| Female Age 1-12 | 1.16 (1.13-1.19) | 0.00 |
| Female Age 13-17 | 0.66 (0.64-0.67) | 0.00 |
| Female ≥18 | 0.30 (0.29-0.30) | 0.00 |
Incidence of AKI per 1,000 hospitalizations by sex over time by age groups ≤1 (A), 1-12 (B), 13-17 (C), and ≥ 18 (D) years of age.