Kidney Week

Abstract: PO1747

The Association of Sodium Intake and Albuminuria According to Cotinine-Verified Smoking Status: Korean National Health Examination Survey (KoNHES)

Session Information

• Health Maintenance, Nutrition, and Metabolism
  November 04, 2021 | Location: On-Demand, Virtual Only
  Abstract Time: 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM

Category: Health Maintenance, Nutrition, and Metabolism

• 1300 Health Maintenance, Nutrition, and Metabolism

Authors

• Son, Young-Bin, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)

Young-Bin Son, MD

• Kim, Tae-bum, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)

Tae-bum Kim,

• Min, Hyeon-Jin, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)

Hyeon-Jin Min,

• Lee, Jonghyun, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)

Jonghyun Lee,

• Yang, Jihyun, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)

Jihyun Yang,

• Kim, Myung-Gyu, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)

Myung-Gyu Kim,

• Jo, Sang-Kyung, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)

Sang-Kyung Jo,

• Cho, Won-Yong, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)

Won-Yong Cho,

• Oh, Sewon, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)

Sewon Oh,

Group or Team Name

• Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Medical Center

Background

Smoking and high sodium intake are reported about the association with chronic kidney disease. Smoking and sodium intake are modifiable risk factors and the implementation of life style changes in the broad population could have a beneficial effect on public health. We assessed the association of sodium intake and smoking on the presence of albuminuria.

Methods

An observational study from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2011, 2014-2018) was performed. We included 38,161 adults with eGFR≥60 ml/min/1.73m² and had urine cotinine/creatinine ratio (Ucot/Ucrea). Smoking status was assumed by Ucot/Ucrea. 24 hour sodium intake was estimated from spot urine sodium using Kawasaki formula. Albuminuria was defined as urine albumin creatinine ratio ≥ 30mg/g.

Results

Ucot/Ucrea level was significantly higher in current smokers than those in ex-smokers and non-smokers (920.22±9.00, 48.30±2.46, vs. 23.83±1.29 ng/mg, P<0.001). Non-smokers who were exposed to secondhand smoke showed significantly higher Ucot/Ucrea levels than those who were not exposed to secondhand smoke (37.74±3.14 ng/mg vs 16.71±1.13 ng/mg, P<0.001). Ucot/Ucrea level was significantly associated with sodium intake. Sodium intake of 2^nd and 3^rd Ucot/Ucrea tertile were significantly higher than that of 1^st Ucot/Ucrea tertile (4.15±1.31, 4.13±1.43 vs. 3.73±1.15 mg, P <0.001). The quartile groups of sodium intake had a linear relationship with albuminuria (5.2, 5.8, 7.5, and 9.7%, P<0.001). The highest quartile of sodium intake was significantly associated with risk of albuminuria (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.05-1.93, P=0.022). We evaluated the association of sodium intake with albuminuria according to smoking status estimated by Ucot/Ucrea. In the group with the highest Ucot/Ucrea level, the highest sodium intake quartile indicated significantly higher risk of albuminuria compared to that of lowest quartile (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.20-3.52, P=0.009).

Conclusion

High dietary sodium intake is an independent risk factor for albuminuria and this association was highlighted in high Ucot/Ucrea group. The synergistic effects of cigarette smoking and high salt intake might increase the risk of albuminuria.